British motorcycle manufacturers - C

Caesar	1922-23
Cairns-Mocyc	1949-51. Clip-on.
Calcott	1910-15. Coventry.
Calthorpe	Started as a Birmingham car manufacturer by George Hands. Hands had started making 'Bard' bicycles in 1895 and gone through several company name changes until he showed his first motorcycle as a Calthorpe (a division of his Minstrel Cycle Co., later Minstrel and Rea) in 1909. He had six singles in his lineup in 1910 and added a TT model in 1911. His first twin was made in 1912. After WW1, Calthorpe emerged with a couple of JAP-powered motorcycles. A 350cc with a 'Peco' engine of Calthorpe's own design was added in 1920. The company continued to offer sturdy, low-cost machines until 1928 when a redesign and ivory paint job boosted their popularity (the "Ivory"). The company continued making motorcycles and upgrading engines right up to a 493cc model, but it was losing money. They last appeared at a trade show in 1934. Calthorpe went into liquidation in 1938. The new owners moved to Bristol in 1938, but in 1939 their factory was requisitioned for war production.  The name was briefly revived in 1947, but the company that reissued it became DMW instead in 1950.
Calvert	1899-1904. Singles and V-twins.
Camber	1920-21
Campion	1901-26. Bicycle company, also made its own motorcycles and bikes for New Gerrard..
Carfield	1919-24 (1919-27?)
Carlton	1913-40. Also the name for a Scottish firm in 1922.
Castell	1903
Caswell	1904-05
Cayenne	1912-13. Water-cooled single.
CC	1921-24. Charles Chamberlain.
CCM	Clews Competition Machines, formed by Alan Clews as Clewstrokes in 1971, chanced to CCM in 1973. Made BSA-engined (B50s and others) trials machines after buying machine tools and stock from closed BSA factory.
Ceedos	1919-29. Started with small, lightweight two-stroke bikes, later added four stoles with Blackburne and Bradshaw engines.
Centaur	1901-15
Century	1902-05
Charlton	1904-08
Chase	1902-06
Chater-Lea	Formed as Chater Lea Manufacturing Co. by William Chater Lea in London in 1900 to make frame components, it graduated to complete frames, then adding clip-on engines. In 1903 they produced their first motorcycle - without tires or saddle! By 1908 they were showing complete motorcycles and had an entry in the TT races. More than a dozen different engines were fitted into their frames to make their various models until the 1920s, when they started making their own engines. Production ceased during WW1 and started again in 1919 with big twin machines. They moved to a 350 and 545cc single in 1922. In 1925, they made their first engine entirely designed in-house, using a  fully-enclosed valve gear lubricated by a second oil pump. Name changed to Chater Lea Ltd. when founder died in 1927, business was taken over by sons  John and Bernard. Success at Brooklands in 1924 helped sales, but the bikes were quite expensive. The company's last motorcycle sales were in 1936. Their best machine was a 350cc ohc which at 100mph was the world's fastest 350cc machine. The company continued in other lines after WW2.
Chell	1939, made a few small-engined bikes.
Clarendon	1901-11
Clement-Garrard	1902-11 (1902-05?). Small clip-on Clement engines in Norton frames.
Cleveland	1911-24
Clyde	1898-1912. Water cooled engines in 1903.
Clyno	1911-24. For 20 years Clyno was one of the best-know manufacturers of motorcycles and cars. The name allegedly comes from the slogan "Car Like You've Never Owned" but in reality is a nickname for "clined."  Their early motorcycles used an innovated two-speed pulley for the belt drive, which they called inclined, hence "clined." They began showing bikes in 1909 with a 744 V-twin. Pre-war machines were designed for 'comfort and convenience.' Clyno made many machine-gun units for allied war effort 1914-18 after Winston Churchill selected the company's design for the army. During the war they developed a four-cylinder water-cooled two-speed machine for the army but the machine was shelved when the war ended. They also designed an airplane engine and a horizontal flat-twin which never saw production. They came back to civilian production slowly in 1919 with a new spring-frame 8hp V-twin, and started work on a  car. In 1922 the company reformed to concentrate on cars and by 1923 motorcycle production had ceased.
CMM	1919-21
Colonial	1911-13
Comery	1919-22
Comet	1902-07
Commander	1952-53. Innovative styling mixed with pedestrian engineering.
Condor	1907-14. Huge 810cc single.
Connaught	1910-27.  Mostly small (293 and 347cc) two-stokes. Post WW1, the bikes offered chain drive.
Consul	1916-22
Corah	1905-14
Corgi	1942-54. Folding 98cc scooters originally made for British Army. Developed from the Welbike (1942-46), it continued to be enhanced until its last model.
Corona	1902-24.
Corona-Junior	1919-23
Corydon	1904-08
Cotton	Founded by trials rider Frank Willoughby Cotton in 1914 when he applied for a patent for a frame he had designed for Levis. He began production in 1918, making his first motorcycle in 191, 1 269cc Villiers-powered bike. The company achieved several successes in races in the 1920s to mid 1930s, starting in 1923 when Stanley Woods won the first of his 10 TT victories. After WW2, the company made a weak comeback, but restructured under Elizabeth Cotton in 1953 as E. Cotton Motor Cycles. They were successful again in racing until Villiers closed and they lost their British engine source. They turned to Italian Minarelli engines for enduro and trials models, then Austrian Rotax engines in the 1970s.
Coulson	1919-24
Coventry-B&D	1923-25
Coventry-Challenge	1903-11
Coventry-Eagle	A Victorian bicycle company, they built under the trademark Royal Eagle in the 1890s. They started making a bicycle with a clip-on JAP engine around 1900, which grew to a full motorcycle by 1903. But they faltered and stopped by 1905. During WW1 they made a motorcycle using a Triumph engine, but did not return to full production of their own until 1921 when they offered two sidecar models powered by a 500cc single and a 680cc JAP V-twin. Their line expanded considerably in 1922 and continued until the Depression. Their most famous bike was the Flying Eight, a 976cc SV twin with a JAP engine and a top speed of 80 mph, made from 1923 to 1930.In 1931, their line shrank to a 500cc, three 350cc models, a 196cc two-stroke, two 147cc bikes and a 98cc autocycle. By 1933 this had further contracted to two engines a 148cc two-stroke and a 250cc two- or four-stroke. They company enjoyed a mild resurgence in the 1930s, but production closed in 1939. Bicycles continued after the war.
Coventry-Mascot	1922-24
Coventry-Motette	1899-1903
Coventry-Star	1919-21
Coventry-Victor	1919-36. Made own flat-twin engines from 1911, first complete motorcycle in 1919. Built some three-wheelers until 1938.
Crest	1923
Croft	1923-26
Crownfield	1903-04
Crypto	1902-08
Cyc-Auto	1934-56. Cycle frame with two-stroke Villiers and later Scott engine.
Cykelaid	1919-26. Small, clip-on engines manufactured by Sheppee in York
Cyclaid	Another 1950s clip-on, built by British Salmson in Lanarkshire, Scotland from 1950 to 1956.
Cyclemaster	1950 clip-on engines for bicycles, continued making engines until 1960.
Cymota	Another 1950 clip-on.

British motorcycle manufacturers - Q

Quadrant	Started by Walter and William Lloyd in 1883 to manufacture bicycles and tricycles. Started making motorcycles (autocyclette) in 1901 and motorized banking tricycles in 1902. Walter patented a unique all-in-one control lever in 1902 to raise the exhaust valve, control ignition switch, operate the throttle and the ignition advance. Started using their own engine design in 1903. Used a spray carburetor in 1904 and magneto ignition in 1907.  Company collapsed from internal disputes in 1907, and Thomas Silver left to form Silver Motors, offering the Quadrant under a different name. The original company and premises were acquired by Walter Lloyd, but after legal action, Silver was back as Quadrant Motor Company Ltd. in 1909, selling new models. After an argument with his new backers, Silver was again making motorcycles under his own name, while Quadrant made them under a new name Quadrant Cycle Co. They re-united for 1911, making several models including a massive V-twin of 1129cc and a 600cc single. After the war they made a 654 and 780cc singles, experimented with a 292c scooter, as well as developing some outdated sv and ohv models. The company tried to modernize its lineup in 1927 with a 490cc ohv, but the company closed in 1928.
Quasar	1977-82 (77-85?). Designed by Malcolm Newell, this feet-forward motorcycle had a car-type roof and body, without doors. Used a 750cc, four-cylinder engine and four-speed gear box. Later version called a Phaser, used a six-cylinder Kawasaki engine.
QUB

British motorcycle manufacturers - R

Radco	1913-32.Small bikes. Started again 1954-56 as Radnall. Made a minibike in 1966.
Radmill	1912-14
Raglan	1909-13. Bicycle company. First showed motorcycles in 1903, but production began in 1909.
Raleigh	An early contender in the motorcycle scene, the famous bicycle maker stopped making motorized vehicles only a few years after they started, 1899-1906, but returned again in 1919. They stopped in 1933, came back in 1958 and finally quit in the mid 1960s.Raleigh never enjoyed the prestige of its contemporaries. They made their first motorcycle in 1899 using a Schwann engine clipped to a bicycle frame. After several models, they stopped making motorcycles in 1906 or 07. After the war, they made a 654cc sv, expanding the lineup  through the 1920s, and even scored a few modest successes in racing. But the company saw sales plummet in the Depression, and pulled out of the business in 1933. They came back in 1958 with a 49cc moped and later a 78cc Bianchi scooter. They dropped motorized vehicles a few years later, in 1967.
Rambler	1951-61. Built by Norman.
Ray	1919-20 and 1922-25 (two companies)
Raynal	1914-22. Bicycle company, also made auto cycles 1937-53 (50?).
Ready	1920-22
Rebro	1922-28 (1922-25?) REad BROthers.
Redrup	1919-22
Regal	1909-15. Bought by New Comet in 1913.
Regent	1920-21
Regina	1903-15 and 1914-15. Two companies.
Reliance	1902.
Remus	1914-22.
Revere	1915-22. Made by W. Whitehouse.
Revolution	1904-06. Made engines under NRCC logo.
Rex	Founded  by brothers William and Harold Williamson as a car manufacturer in Coventry in 1899. In 1904 they turned to motorcycles with 456cc single and 726cc twin. Made the first telescopic forks, in 1906 and several other innovations including rotary-valve engines and in 1908 were the first to angle the top tube downward to lower the riding position. Company fired the founders in 1911 and under new boss George Hemingway went on to make own engines, as well as producing a series of JAP-powered machines for Premier. Took over Coventry-Acme in 1919 to become Rex-Acme in 1922. The range included 15 models by 1926, from 172cc to 746cc sizes, but sales were sliding. Sidecar manufacturer Mills-Fulford purchased the company in 1932, but dropped motorcycle production in 1933, and sidecars soon followed.
Rex-Jap	1908-15. Built by Premier Motor Co. (PMC)
Reynolds-Runabout	1919-22. Scooters.
Reynolds Special	1930-33 (1931-35?). Built by Scott, sold by A. E. Reynolds.
Reyre-Newson	1921. Sports single.
R&H	1922-25. Same as H&R.
Richards	1904-07. Same as Beau Ideal.
Rickman	Founded in 1957 by brothers Don and Derek Rickman, and formally made into Rickman Bros. Ltd. in 1962. Known mostly for their offroad 'metisse' machines made from their frames and other companies' components (metisse is French for a mongrel dog). Rickman acquired 200 Royal Enfield 736cc Constellation Series II engines in 1968 when RE closed and made a Rickman Interceptor using a Metisse chassis, their own forks and disc brakes. Rickman even made a few lightweights for police work, powered by small Zundapp engines.
Riley	The Riley family started making well-engineered and expensive bicycles in 1890, turned to motorcycles in 1899, making their first car in 1905. Their first year had 19 models, including motorized tricycles. In 1901 they made motorized quadricycles as well. Started using their own engines, designed by sons Percy, Victor and Allen, in 1903. Three-wheelers were their specialty. Company ceased motorized production in 1908, then bicycle manufacturing ended in 1911.
RIP	1905-08.
Robinson & Price	1903?
ROC	1903-15. Funded by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, designed by A. Wall..
Rockson	1930-32 (1920-23?)
Rolfe	1911-14
ROMP	1913-14.
Romper	1920
Roulette	1918-19
Rover	Founded by James Starley in 1885 to make a new safety bicycle called the Rover (manufactured in Coventry at the Meteor Works). A year after Starley's death, in 1901, the company started to develop a Rover motorcycle. In 1903, Edmund Lewis, of Daimler, joined as chief designer and the Imperial Rover was released later that year. It was an advanced machine with a sidevalve engine and diamond frame with tandem front downtubes. But a wary public slows sales, and after only building 1,250, Rover stops production in 1905. A Rover bicycle designed to take a clip-on engine was made in 1908. In 1910, the founder's son, James Starley jr. took over and the company launched a new motorcycle in 1910, a 500cc single designed by John Greenwood. A sports model was released in 1912, and a TT version in 1913, the year when the Rover racing team collected over 100 competition awards. Unlike most manufacturers, civilian production continued through WW1, with a 654cc V-twin added to the line. After the war, they finally dropped the belt drive in 1922, and in 1923 introduced a 250cc unit-construction model. This was followed with a 350cc in 1924. But production ended in 1925.
Royal Ajax	1901-08 (1904?)
Royal Eagle	1901-10
Royal Enfield	Royal Enfield started as a munitions and arms manufacturer George Townsend & Co. in Redditch, near Birmingham in 1880, making bicycles. In 1892 it was closed for financial reasons, but it came back as Enfield Manufacturing, reformed by Robert Smith (works director) and Albert Eadie (managing director). They started making Enfield bicycles in 1892 before turning to motorcycles in 1899 with a single powered by a 299cc Minerva and a quadricycle with a de Dion engine. They produced their own engine in 1901. However, in 1904 they let motorcycle production slip while they concentrated on cars (as the Enfield Autocar Company).  This company went broke in 1907 and the parent company concentrated on parts manufacturing, while Eadie resigned. Enfield returned to motorcycling in 1910, when they produced a lightweight V-twin, which was followed in 1912 by a 770cc JAP-powered V-twin using an Enfield-patented Cush-drive rear hub. Several new designs were introduced in the next four years including a two-stroke 225cc machine in 1914 that came third in the Junior TT that year. When war broke out, Enfield made both bicycles and sidecar outfits for the Allies. After WW1, their line expanded to singles. Starting with a 350cc in 1924, it grew to include a range from 225 to 488cc (first offered as a sv in 1927, it also came in ohv versions in 1928). A special version of the 1922 2 1/4 hp model was made with a lowered frame for women. They also offered a series of twins which reached 976cc in 1921 with an engine of their own design. They also made a large 1140cc V-twin Model K, which was produced through the 1930s, until 1938. Firsts included Cush drives before WW1 and dry sump crankcases in 1930 models. During WW2 they made a robust 350cc side-valve single for the military. The Bullet was launched in 1934 in 250, 350 and 500cc sizes, although the initials used to designate models were still retained. The Bullet was successfully redesigned after WW2 and did well in sales and in trials matches after its re-launch in 1948. The 1949 Model G Bullet had an alloy head, and full swing-arm suspension. The 1948 Bullet also had a re-designed frame, and its new suspension offered superior handling against its competitors. In 1948, the company introduced the Meteor, its first parallel twin, a 500cc machine with swing-arm suspension and other advances. This was upgraded to the 692cc Meteor in 1953, the largest parallel twin available aside from the Vincent. It got several more upgrades to the Super Meteor, then in 1958 the Constellation with its Airflow fairing, and finally the 736cc Interceptor in 1962 and the final version, the Mk2 Interceptor, perhaps the finest British twin ever made. Another popular Enfield was the Continental GT, a five-speed 248cc sporting single. The Clipper ran from 1953 to 57, when it was replaced by the unit-construction Crusader (a budget Crusader II was launched in 1958-65, but was not the same machine). The Clipper itself was really a budget version of  the Bullet. Several innovative machines were made in the 1950s and 60s. The Crusader Sports (56) was the first modern British four-stroke, the Series II Interceptor (69) had wet-sump lubrication, capacitor ignition and a vertical oil filter. For a short while before it collapsed, American firm Indian sold the Interceptor in the USA with an Indian badge. In the mid-1950s, RE sold manufacturing equipment to an Indian subsidiary in Madras, to make the 350cc Bullet for the Indian Army and Indian police. In the mid 1960s, RE was in financial trouble. They continued in business until 1967 when they closed and sold off their stock and machinery. The Indian Enfield company however, made Bullets with hardly a change since they began in 1955, except to upgrade the engine to 500cc for one model, improve the electrics and brakes. These bikes have been exported around the world, coming back to the UK in 1978 and other countries soon after. They become popular as simple, easy-going bikes with a vintage look and feel, but at low cost. In 1997, the Indian Enfield company acquired the rights to use the name Royal Enfield on its bikes. Swiss engineer Fritz Egli has done considerable work upgrading and tuning Bullets for more power and speed. LINKS T&R Impex, Canadian importers and historians Royal Enfield home page.
Royal George	1903
Royal Mail	1902
Royal Ruby	1909-33. Started building motorcycles in the early part of the century (1904?) using their own engines.  Turned to Villiers motors in 1930, and offered several models from 247 to 346cc sizes, but closed shop in 1934.
Royal Roebuck	1902. Built by James.
Royal Scot	1922-24, Scotland
Royal Sovereign	1902-03
Royal Wellington	1901
R&P	1902-06
Rudge-Wedge	1903-04. Started by Dan Rudge, later absorbed by Rudge-Whitworth.
Rudge-Whitworth	Dan Rudge started a company in 1868 to make velocipedes (forerunners of bicycles) but died in 1880. George Woodcock bought the firm in 1885, but if foundered by 1890, and following his death, the company was acquired by bicycle manufacturer Whitworth Cycles in 1894 and the two bicycle manufacturers merged names. They started selling re-badged Werner motorcycles in 1909 and manufactured their own machines in 1911. They had several early innovations, including a spring-loaded stand, a front-and-back linked braking system, a spray-action carburetor and, in their early 1912 model, the Rudge Multi, a belt-gearing system (similar to the Zenith Gradua) that offered no less than 21 gear ratios! This was finally dropped in 1923. Rudge made a 998cc V-twin in 1914, but war halted production of it until 1919. In the 1920s, Rudge built four-valve cylinder heads for their 500cc single, a version of which won the 1928 Ulster Grand Prix - "The World's Fastest Road Race" - with a speed of 80.078 mph. As a result, their next model was named the Ulster and offered a top speed of 90 mph. Their glory years were in the late 1920s and early 1930s when they won several races. They introduced a new radial valve/cylinder head design in 1930 that soon cost them considerable money to develop. The company had other racing successes, and closed in 1933 because of the Depression. They opened again under the control of the Gramaphone Company Ltd. (later HMV, then EMI). A totally-enclosed valve gear was introduced in 1937, and Rudge machines won the ISDT that year, but the rescue attempt couldn't revive them enough. Financial trouble (in 1934-34 he company only sold 2,000 machines a year!) forced the company to re-design and the 1937 Rudge Ulster sold 3,00 machines. But the war brought production to an end in 1939, when Norman briefly manufactured them before war closed civilian production. The name was sold to Raleigh. EMI-Rudge did make a small Cyclemaster clip-on engine in the 1950s. An interesting side note In 1927, Stanley Glanfield, took a 3.5 hp single cylinder Rudge-Whitworth on an 18,000 mile journey around the world, covering four continents. See the link below for details. In 1928, Glanfield designed a Rudge especially for dirt racing, marketed under the name 'Glanfield Rudge.'
Russell	1913
RW Scout	1919-21. Built by R. Weatherall Co.